Population density us china map4/18/2024 As part of a study of Chinese immigrants residing in Philadelphia, we mapped the spatial distribution of 8 types of health-related Chinese community resources, overlayed on the density of Chinese residents in neighborhoods across the city. However, such information is largely unavailable. The availability and locations of various types of community resources in neighborhoods of high ethnic Chinese density could help direct immigrants toward the resources they need and help determine where resources are still needed. Of the approximately 37,000 ethnic Chinese people who resided in Philadelphia according to 2014–2018 estimates, 60% were non-US–born (1). The Philadelphia metropolitan area is among the top 10 destinations for Chinese immigrants to the US. The interpersonal connections, social networks, and sense of cohesion and belonging fostered in environments that are socially and culturally resource-rich may increase Chinese residents’ social capital, which has been associated with a wide range of positive health outcomes, including reduced risk for chronic disease (10,13). Access to cultural resources, such as places of worship and schools, may also yield tangible health benefits over time (12). Research among elderly immigrants has shown that the incorporation of Chinese cultural symbols in the physical spaces they inhabit increases immigrants’ sense of belonging (11). Such resources include health care providers and retail food stores that share their language and culture, and gathering spaces for social interactions, such as churches (9,10). Ethnic enclaves are ethnically, spatially, and socially distinctive communities with sizable immigrant populations that have been shown to promote well-being with their concentration of health-related, cultural, and social resources (8). This increased risk for chronic disease has been attributed primarily to acculturation to Western lifestyle norms however, trajectories may vary depending on the environment in which immigrants reside (7). Although these immigrants have lower rates of obesity and obesity-related conditions than people of other races/ethnicities, such health advantages decrease with increasing length of US residence (5,6). Ĭhinese immigrants are the third-largest non-US–born population in the US (4). Community resource data are from the Chinese Philadelphia Yellow Pages (3). Boundaries for Philadelphia neighborhoods data are from OpenDataPhilly, developed by Azavea Inc (2). Data sources: Chinese demographic data are from the American Community Survey 2018 (5-Year Estimates), prepared by Social Explorer (1). However, not all types of resources are equally distributed, indicating they are unavailable to residents of some neighborhoods. Geographic proximity of resources corresponds overall to neighborhood density of Chinese residents. Map B shows locations of 6 types of community resources for Chinese residents overlaid on Map A to illustrate resource distribution in relation to population density. Map A shows percentages by neighborhood, highlighting those with a density of 8.7% or more. High-resolution JPG for print image icon image iconĭistribution of neighborhoods and services in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by density of ethnic Chinese residents, from 2014–2018 estimates.
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